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NexiumResearch DefinitionsGlossarySome words have many meanings. A term will refer the reader to another definition only when the second definition gives additional information about a topic that is directly related to the first term. All Definitions A - Z All Definitions S S Sigmoidoscopy Pronounced - SIG-moy-DOSS-kuh-pee Looking into the sigmoid colon and rectum with a flexible or rigid tube, called a sigmoidoscope. Glossary For This Page Sigmoid Colon Pronounced - SIG-moyd KOH-lun The lower part of the colon that empties into the rectum. Rectum Pronounced - REK-tum The lower end of the large intestine, leading to the anus. Anus Pronounced - AY-nus The opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body. Digestive Tract Pronounced - dy-JES-tuv trakt The large, muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus, where the movement of muscles and release of hormones and enzymes digest food. The digestive tract is also called the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract or alimentary canal. Bowel Pronounced - BAH-wul The long, tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. Another word for the small intestine and the large intestine. Abdomen Pronounced - AB-doh-men The area between the chest and the hips. Contains the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Small Intestine The organ where most digestion occurs. It measures about 20 feet and includes the duodenum (first part of the small intestine, right after your stomach), jejunum (the middle section of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum), and ileum (the lower end of the small intestine). Large Intestine Pronounced - LARJ in-TES-tin The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The large intestine is also called colon. Liver Pronounced - LIH-vur The largest organ in the body. The liver carries out many important functions, such as making bile, changing food into energy, and cleaning alcohol and poisons from the blood. Gallbladder Pronounced - GAWL-blah-dur The organ that stores the bile made in the liver. Connected to the liver by bile ducts. The gallbladder can store about 1 cup of bile. Eating signals the gallbladder to empty the bile through the bile ducts to help digest fats. Pancreas Pronounced - PAN-kree-ahs A gland that makes enzymes for digestion and the hormone insulin. Spleen The organ that cleans blood and makes white blood cells. White blood cells attack bacteria and other foreign cells. Cecum Pronounced - SEEK-um The beginning of the large intestine. The cecum is connected to the lower part of the small intestine, called the ileum. Stool The solid wastes that pass through the rectum as bowel movements. Stools are undigested foods, bacteria, mucus, and dead cells. Also called feces. Appendix Pronounced - uh-PEN-diks A 4 inch pouch attached to the first part of the large intestine (cecum). No one knows what function the appendix has, if any. Bile Pronounced - BY-ul Fluid made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps break down fats and gets rid of wastes in the body. 
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