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You Are Here » Wilson Disease » Symptoms of Wilson Disease
Wilson Disease
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Symptoms of Wilson Disease
Wilson disease first attacks the liver, the central nervous system, or both.
A buildup of copper in the liver may cause ongoing liver disease. Rarely, acute liver failure occurs. Most patients develop signs and symptoms that accompany chronic liver disease, including:
- Swelling of the liver or spleen
- Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
- Fluid buildup in the legs or abdomen
- A tendency to bruise easily
- Fatigue
A buildup of copper in the central nervous system may result in neurologic symptoms, including:
- Problems with speech, swallowing, or physical coordination
- Tremors or uncontrolled movements
- Muscle stiffness
- Behavioral changes
Other signs and symptoms of Wilson disease include:
- Anemia
- Low platelet or white blood cell count
- Slower blood clotting, measured by a blood test
- High levels of amino acids, protein, uric acid, and carbohydrates in urine
- Premature osteoporosis and arthritis
Kayser-Fleischer rings result from a buildup of copper in the eyes and are the most unique sign of Wilson disease. They appear in each eye as a rusty-brown ring around the edge of the iris and in the rim of the cornea. The iris is the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil. The cornea is the transparent outer membrane that covers the eye.
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References:
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)
July 2008
digestive.niddk.nih.gov
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